Types of Substance Use Disorders
There are two main types of substance use disorders: alcohol use disorder and drug use disorder. While some individuals may abuse both substances, others may be addicted to one or the other.
Alcohol Use Disorder
Alcohol is the most commonly abused substance in America, with more than 17 million people suffering from alcohol abuse and its debilitating effects. People with alcohol use disorder, also known as alcoholism, exhibit compulsive alcohol use, loss of control over how much alcohol they consume, and experience withdrawal symptoms when they are not drinking.
Signs of alcohol use disorder include:
- Irritability and extreme mood swings
- Making excuses for drinking, such as to relax or deal with stress
- Becoming isolated from friends and family
- Lying about how much alcohol is consumed
- Neglecting responsibilities at work, home, or school
- Drinking alone or in secrecy
- Experiencing blackouts or short-term memory loss
Drug Use Disorder
Drug use disorder, also referred to as drug addiction, can involve the abuse of illegal drugs, prescription medications, or a combination of both. Highly addictive substances such as cocaine, heroin, methamphetamines, benzodiazepines, steroids, and inhalants can quickly lead to a substance use disorder.
People with a drug use disorder continue using drugs despite the harm caused to their health, relationships, and careers. The drugs change how the brain is wired and interfere with its natural reward system, making it difficult for individuals to stop using.
Signs of a drug use disorder include:
- Missing money or valuables
- Drastic changes in behavior
- Frequently absent from school or work
- Lack of energy and motivation
- Sudden weight loss
- Difficulty speaking
- Neglected hygiene and appearance
Causes of Substance Use Disorders
The causes of substance use disorders are complex and multifaceted. While the exact reasons why some individuals develop substance abuse issues and others do not are still unknown, researchers have identified several factors that contribute to the development of these disorders.
Genetic Factors
Genetics play a significant role in a person’s susceptibility to substance abuse. Studies have shown that genes account for 40% to 60% of an individual’s risk for developing a substance use disorder. Certain genetic variations can make some individuals more vulnerable to the effects of drugs and alcohol, making them more likely to develop an addiction.
Environmental Factors
Environmental factors also play a crucial role in the development of substance abuse. Childhood trauma, unstable family dynamics, peer pressure, and exposure to substance abuse within the community can increase the risk of developing a substance use disorder.
Other environmental factors that may contribute to substance abuse include:
- Family history of addiction
- Sleep problems
- Chronic pain
- Financial difficulties
- Divorce or the loss of a loved one
- Long-term tobacco habit
- Tense home environment
- Lack of parental attachment in childhood
- Relationship issues
Co-Occurring Mental Illness
Many individuals with substance use disorders have co-occurring mental illnesses, such as depression, anxiety, or bipolar disorder. These individuals may turn to drugs or alcohol as a way to cope with their symptoms or self-medicate. Unfortunately, substance abuse can worsen the symptoms of these mental health disorders, creating a vicious cycle of addiction and mental health issues.
Peer Influence
Peer influence can be a significant factor in the development of substance abuse. People are more likely to engage in substance abuse if their friends or social circle also abuse drugs or alcohol. Peer pressure and the desire to fit in can lead individuals to experiment with substances and eventually develop a substance use disorder.
Prevention and Treatment
Preventing substance abuse and providing effective treatment options are essential in addressing this widespread problem. Education and awareness campaigns can help individuals understand the risks of substance abuse and make informed decisions.
Treatment for substance use disorders often involves a combination of therapy, medication, and support groups. Behavioral therapies, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and motivational interviewing, can help individuals change their patterns of thinking and behavior related to substance abuse.
Additionally, support groups like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) provide individuals with a supportive community of individuals who have experienced similar challenges and can offer guidance and encouragement.
It’s important to remember that recovery from substance abuse is a lifelong journey, and relapse may occur. However, with the right support and treatment, individuals can regain control of their lives and achieve long-term sobriety.
If you or someone you know is struggling with substance abuse, reach out for help. Numerous resources and treatment options are available to support individuals on their path to recovery. Remember, you are not alone, and there is hope for a brighter future.
Conclusion
Substance abuse is a complex issue with significant impacts on individuals, families, and communities. Understanding the different types of substance use disorders and their causes is crucial in developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.
Genetic factors, environmental influences, co-occurring mental illnesses, and peer influence all contribute to the development of substance use disorders. By addressing these factors and providing comprehensive treatment options, we can help individuals overcome addiction and regain control of their lives.
If you or someone you know is struggling with substance abuse, don’t hesitate to seek help. Recovery is possible, and there are resources available to support you on your journey towards a healthier, happier life. Contact us today at 833.970.2054.
